Rotor and fluid turbine with rotor

ABSTRACT

A rotor  16  is provided, comprising a vertical rotation axis  12 , and at least two rotor blades  18, 20, 22  arranged on the rotation axis  12 , wherein at least one rotor blade  18, 20, 22  comprises a curved first portion  40 , wherein the first portion  40  has a concave side  42  and a convex side  44 , wherein a curved second portion  50  is arranged on the end  46  of the first portion  40  of the rotor blade  18, 20, 22  facing away from the rotation axis  12 . The second portion  50  has a concave side  52  and a convex side  54 , and the two portions  40, 50  are arranged in such a manner that, in the radial direction, the convex side  44  of the first portion  40  is followed by the concave side  52  of the second portion  50 . Due to the design of the rotor blade  18, 20, 22 , the rotor  16  has particularly high efficiency.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a rotor comprising a vertical rotationaxis and at least two rotor blades arranged on the rotation axis,wherein each rotor blade comprises a curved first portion, wherein thefirst portion has a concave side and a convex side. Furthermore, itrelates to a fluid turbine comprising such a rotor, wherein the rotor isarranged within a housing, and wherein a top and a bottom of the housingare arranged essentially vertical with respect to the rotation axis.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Such rotors are used to generate energy from water, air or other fluidflows. In the operation of such a rotor, at least one rotor blade movesin the direction of or together with the fluid flow and at least onerotor blade moves against the direction of the fluid flow or against thefluid flow. For example, a wind turbine rotor is known from DE 20 2004017 309 U1, having a rotor which is rotatable about a vertical axis,wherein the rotor blades are subdivided into a plurality ofhalf-shell-shaped partial blades. Vertical gaps are arranged between thepartial blades to allow air to pass through.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the present invention to provide a rotor that hashigh efficiency.

The object is achieved by a rotor comprising a vertical rotation axisand at least two rotor blades arranged on the rotation axis, wherein atleast one rotor blade comprises a curved first portion, wherein thefirst portion has a concave side and a convex side, wherein a curvedsecond portion is arranged on the end of the first portion of the rotorblade facing away from the rotation axis, wherein the second portion hasa concave side and a convex side, and wherein the two portions arearranged in such a manner that, in the radial direction, the convex sideof the first portion is followed by the concave side of the secondportion.

An advantage of the present invention is that by arranging the secondportion at the first portion of the rotor blade on the convex side ofthe first portion and the concave side of the second portion of therotor blade, also referred to as the front side of the rotor blade inthe following, in particular on the end of the rotor blade facing awayfrom the rotation axis, a particularly high resistance against the fluidflow impinging thereon is achieved. Since the lever action is at itsgreatest there, the greatest transmission of force is achieved so thatthe rotor blade is particularly effectively moved in the direction ofthe fluid flow. In contrast, due to the concave side of the firstportion and the convex side of the second portion, referred to as theback side of the rotor blade in the following, the side of the rotorblade moving against the direction of the fluid flow is moreaerodynamic, in particular on the end of the rotor blade facing awayfrom the rotation axis, and has a lower flow resistance. The directionof rotation of the rotor resulting from the front side of the rotorblade moving in the direction of the fluid flow, and the back side ofthe rotor blade moving against the direction of the fluid flow,respectively, corresponds to the preferred direction of rotation of therotor.

Preferably, more than one, or all rotor blades, respectively, comprise afirst and second portion, as described above. By these means,particularly uniform flow behavior of the rotor is achieved.

The rotor blade or blades are preferably integrally formed, i.e. have aone-piece configuration. This has the advantage that the rotor blades donot have to rely on supporting structures on the top and/or bottom. Inpreferred embodiments, the rotor blade or blades can have cut-outs inthe area of the rotation axis, so that the fluid flow can pass throughthese cut-outs and accumulation of the fluid flow will not be toostrong.

Preferably the rotor has three rotor blades. This enables particularlyhigh efficiency to be achieved with comparatively low material costs. Inalternative embodiments two, four, five or more rotor blades can beprovided.

Advantageously an angle formed between the convex side of the firstportion and the concave side of the second portion is smaller than 120°,such as 110° or 100°, preferably smaller than 90°, e.g. 80°. By thesemeans, a bucket-like shape of the at least one rotor blade is achieved,into which the fluid flow is guided and which provides higher flowresistance to the fluid flow, thus enabling a high proportion of thefluid flow to be used for force transmission. The force transmission isparticularly effective since this bucket-like area of the at least onerotor blade is far removed from the rotation axis so that the fluid flowimpinging here has a greater lever action. On the side of the rotorblade moving against the fluid flow, a protruding edge that has aparticularly aerodynamic shape results due to the angle formed, which issmaller than 120°, for example 110° or 100°, preferably smaller than90°, for example 80°, thus decreasing the flow resistance on this side.By these means, less force is used to return the rotor blade against thefluid flow. This shape of the rotor blade is particularly efficientbecause it is arranged in an area remote from the rotation axis, whichis where the highest rotation speed occurs. Alternatively the angleformed between the convex side of the first portion and the concave sideof the second portion can be variably configured, for example by linkingthe two portions in an articulated manner.

In preferred embodiments, at least one wing element is moveably arrangedon an upper edge and/or a lower edge of at least one rotor blade in thearea of the first portion. The wing element is preferably arranged insuch a manner that when the fluid flow impinges on the front side of therotor blade, it flips up and thus increases the surface area of therotor blade. By these means the fluid flow can be even better receivedby the rotor blade. When the rotor blade is returned against the fluidflow, the wing element folds towards the front side of the rotor bladedue to the fluid flow impinging on the back side of the wing element, sothat no additional surface area results and thus the rotor blade doesnot have a greater flow resistance when moved against the fluid flow. Inthis way the efficiency of the rotor can be even further improved. It ispreferably formed in such a manner that it cannot be pressed beyond thetop or bottom edge by the fluid flow into the area of the back side ofthe rotor blade. The wing element can for example be mounted swivably ona swivel axis and/or be made from an elastic material. Preferably, itcan span along one or more than one section or continuously along theentire length of the upper edge and/or lower edge of the first portionof the rotor blade. Preferably more than one or each rotor bladecomprises at least one wing element.

In advantageous embodiments the first portion of the rotor bladecomprises at least one opening with an openable closure element. Theclosure element is arranged on one side, preferably the convex side, ofthe rotor blade in such a manner that the closure element opens theopening due to the fluid flow when the rotor blade is moving against thefluid flow. By these means, the flow resistance of the rotor blade isreduced when it is returned against the fluid flow. The closure elementis also arranged in such a manner that it closes the opening due to thefluid flow when the rotor blade is moving in the direction of the fluidflow. In this way the flow resistance of the rotor blade remains just ashigh when it is receiving the fluid flow as it would be without the atleast one opening in the first portion of the rotor blade. This helps tofurther improve the efficiency of the rotor.

Advantageously at least one vane element is moveably arranged on theconvex side of the second portion of the rotor blade. The vane elementis arranged in such a manner that its free end protrudes from the convexside of the second portion of the rotor blade when the rotor blade ismoving with the fluid flow. By these means, an additional surface areais provided for receiving the fluid flow on the front side of the rotorblade. If the rotor blade is returned against the fluid flow, the vaneelement is closely adjacent to the convex side of the second portion ofthe rotor blade and thus reduces the flow resistance of the rotor bladeduring its return. By these means the efficiency can be additionallyincreased.

Preferably, at least one rotor blade has at least a first height at afirst distance parallel to the rotation axis and a second height at asecond distance parallel to the rotation axis, wherein the firstdistance and the first height are smaller than the second distance andthe second height. By these means a flow resistance of the rotor bladein the area remote from the rotation axis is greater than in the areanear the rotation axis, also referred to as the inside of the rotorblade in the following, whereby the reception of the fluid flow by therotor blade in the area remote from the rotation axis, also referred toas the outside of the rotor blade in the following, is improved andefficiency thus further increased. This applies, in particular, to thefront side of the rotor blade which, due to the above-describedstructure, has a higher flow resistance than the back side of the rotorblade. The fact that the fluid flow is primarily received in the arearemote from the rotation axis is also particularly effective due to thegreater lever action in this area. Particularly preferably each rotorblade has at least a first and a second height as described above.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a fluidturbine comprising a rotor which has high efficiency.

In a fluid turbine comprising a rotor having one or more of theabove-described features, wherein the rotor is arranged in a housing,wherein a top and a bottom of the housing are arranged essentiallyvertical to the rotation axis, the object is achieved by the rotor beingrotatable relative to the housing, wherein the housing has at least afirst distance between the top and bottom of the housing at a firstdistance parallel to the rotation axis and a second distance between thetop and bottom of the housing at a second distance parallel to therotation axis, wherein the first distance parallel to the rotation axisand the first distance between the top and bottom of the housing issmaller than the second distance parallel to the rotation axis and thesecond distance between the top and bottom of the housing.

The top and/or bottom of the housing can have any shape, e.g. square,round, or polygonal. As a result of the distance between the top andbottom of the housing being smaller in the area of the rotation axisthan further removed from the rotation axis, the Venturi effect iscreated, by which the fluid flow passes by the area near the rotationaxis faster toward the outside of the rotor blade. The Venturi effectcauses the fluid flow to thus exert a greater pressure force on theoutside of the rotor blade which due to the different shape of the frontand back sides of the rotor blade relating to the fluid flow has agreater effect on its front side than on the more aerodynamic back sideof the rotor blade. By these means, the efficiency of the fluid turbineis further increased.

Preferably the distance between the top of the housing and the rotorblades and between the bottom of the housing and the rotor blades isessentially constant. This is the best way of utilizing the fluid flowsince there are no areas between the rotor blade and the top and bottomof the housing where the fluid flow passes quicker, for example, thanothers. The fluid flow is thus directed particularly uniformly onto theoutside of the rotor blade.

Advantageously, at least one flap element is arranged radially outwardlyfrom the rotation axis along the top and the bottom of the housing,which has a height parallel to the rotation axis which corresponds tothe distance between the top and the bottom of the housing and the rotorblades. Preferably, the flap element is pivotable about an articulationpoint by a maximum of 90°, for example between 0° and 90°, or between 0°and 70°, from a position parallel to the rotation axis into afolded-down position. The flap element is preferably arranged in such amanner that it is in a position parallel to the rotation axis when therotor blade positioned directly between the flap elements on the top andbottom is moving with the fluid flow. The flow resistance of the rotorblade is thus increased. If the rotor blade moves between the flapelements against the fluid flow, it is in the folded-down position. Inthis way, the flow resistance of the rotor blade is reduced. As analternative to a pivotable flap element, a flap element made from anelastic material can be arranged along the top and the bottom of thehousing. In further alternative embodiments at least one pivotable flapelement and at least one flap element made from an elastic material canbe arranged along the top and the bottom of the housing as describedabove.

In preferred embodiments, at least one fluid slot is arranged in the topand/or the bottom of the housing. It is arranged in such a manner that afluid flow can pass through the fluid slot to the front side of therotor blade or that the fluid flow creates a suction as it passes thefluid slot due to the Bernoulli effect, by which the fluid, e.g. air orwater, is sucked out of the housing from the area of the back side ofthe rotor blade. This can increase the pressure on the front side of therotor blade, or reduce the flow resistance when the rotor blade isreturned. This leads to an increase in the efficiency of the fluidturbine. Preferably, at least two fluid slots are arranged in the topand/or on the bottom of the housing. The first fluid slot is preferablyarranged in such a manner that the fluid flow passes through the firstfluid slot into the housing and onto the front surface of the rotorblade and exerts a higher pressure onto the latter. The second fluidslot is preferably arranged in such a manner that the fluid flow createsa suction as it passes the fluid slot due to the Bernoulli effect, bywhich the fluid, e.g. air or water, is sucked out of the housing fromthe area of the back side of the rotor blade, thus reducing the flowresistance when the rotor blade is returned. In this way the efficiencyof the fluid turbine can be further improved. In particularly preferredembodiments at least two fluid slots as described above are arranged inthe top and the bottom of the housing, whereby the efficiency of thefluid turbine can be even further improved.

In advantageous embodiments the housing comprises at least two supportelements arranged between the top and bottom of the housing. They mainlyserve to support the top and bottom so that the rotor blades are free torotate between the top and bottom of the housing. Furthermore, thesupport elements can also be shaped in such a manner that they guide thefluid flow so that it impinges, for example, at the best possible angleand/or with a changed speed, on the rotor blades. The support elementsdo not get closer than the outer diameter of the rotor disk of the rotorblades and do not contact the latter.

In further embodiments, a sidewall can also be provided for the housing,which partially extends between the top and bottom of the housing. Itpreferably comprises a fluid inlet opening and a fluid outlet openingand can serve to shield the rotor blades against unfavorable fluidflows.

In a further embodiment, the fluid turbine can comprise a supportelement for mounting of the housing. It can be a mast, for example, or alow support element of a similar size as the housing to fix the housingclose to the ground or to another surface, e.g. a roof.

In preferred embodiments, a generator is integrated in the housing. Thegenerator can be arranged, for example, in the area of the rotationaxis.

Advantageously the first housing is arranged in a cuboid outer housing,wherein the outer housing is mountable on a vertical support mast androtatable relative to the support mast, wherein the rotation axis of therotor is parallel to the support mast, wherein the outer housing, on acuboid side extending in parallel to the rotation axis, comprises afirst opening as a fluid inlet and, on a second cuboid side opposite thefirst cuboid side, comprises a second opening as a fluid outlet. Thehousing can align itself in the fluid without the aid of motors like aweathervane according to the direction of the fluid flow so that thefluid passes into the fluid inlet. The fluid flow passes through theouter housing in a more defined area onto the rotor blades so that itcan be more effectively used. This has a positive effect on theefficiency of the fluid turbine.

Preferably, the outer housing comprises a flag element on at least oneedge of the second cuboid side extending in parallel to the rotationaxis of the rotor. This facilitates optimum alignment of the outerhousing in the fluid flow without motive force.

In preferred embodiments, a baffle element is arranged in the fluidinlet. The baffle element is preferably arranged in such a manner thatit deflects the fluid flow from the rotor blade moving against the fluidflow. By these means, a greater proportion of the fluid flow passes ontothe front side of the rotor blade moving in the direction of the fluidflow. Moreover, the flow resistance of the rotor blade moving againstthe fluid flow is smaller since for the most part it is not exposed tothe fluid flow. The result is thus a further improvement in efficiency.

In preferred embodiments the first housing comprises a surface elementconnected to the top and bottom of the housing and parallel to therotation axis, which is curved in correspondence to the rotor disk ofthe rotor blades and is arranged in the outer housing at a positiondiagonal to the baffle element. In this way, an area in which the rotorblade can receive the fluid flow is increased. Furthermore, the Venturieffect, arising from the reduction of the distance between the top andbottom of the first housing, can be increased. By these means efficiencycan be further improved.

Advantageously the outer housing comprises at least one fluid opening onat least one side wall extending in parallel to the rotation axis of therotor. A fluid flow passing the outside of the outer housing flowingpast this fluid opening creates the Bernoulli effect so that fluid whichis in the interior of the outer housing is sucked out through the fluidopening. This decreases the flow resistance for the rotor blade movingagainst the direction of the fluid flow, thus improving efficiency.Preferably at least one fluid opening is arranged on opposing side wallsextending in parallel to the rotation axis of the rotor.

Preferably a fluid guard element and/or a fluid intake element coveringthe fluid opening are arranged on one of the side walls, which has anobtuse angle in the direction of the first cuboid side and the secondcuboid side, respectively. If a fluid guard element is arranged on theside wall along which the rotor blade moves against the direction of thefluid flow, the Bernoulli effect is amplified, while a fluid intakeelement can cause additional intake of fluid flow on the rotor blade.The fluid intake element is arranged on the side wall along which therotor blade moves in the direction of the fluid flow. The arrangement ofat least one fluid guard element and/or at least one fluid intakeelement can lead to an additional increase in the efficiency of thefluid turbine.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

The present invention will be described in more detail with reference toa preferred exemplary embodiment, wherein:

FIG. 1 shows a plan view of a rotor according to one example of thepresent invention;

FIG. 2 shows a sectional view of a wind turbine along line II-II of FIG.1 according to a first example of the present invention;

FIG. 3 shows a plan view of a wind turbine according to a secondexample;

FIG. 4 shows a plan view of a wind turbine according to a third example;

FIG. 5 shows a plan view of a wind turbine according to a fourthexample;

FIG. 5A shows a detailed view of a fluid slot of FIG. 5;

FIG. 6 shows a sectional view along line VI-VI of FIG. 5 of a windturbine according to the fourth example;

FIG. 7 shows a sectional view along line VII-VII of FIG. 5 of a windturbine according to the fourth example;

FIG. 8 shows a three-dimensional, first view of the wind turbine havingan outer housing according to a fifth example of the present invention;

FIG. 9 shows a three-dimensional, second view of a wind turbineaccording to the fifth example; and

FIG. 10 shows a three-dimensional view of a wind turbine having an outerhousing according to a sixth example.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention will be described in an exemplary manner with reference toexamples embodied as a wind turbine or a rotor for a wind turbine. Thefollowing explanations therefore also apply to rotors and turbines forany other fluids, in particular water.

FIG. 1 shows a plan view of a rotor 16 according to an example of thepresent invention. In the present example, the rotor 16 comprises avertical rotation axis 12, normal to the drawing plane in the presentillustration, and three rotor blades 18, 20, 22, arranged on therotation axis 12. Alternatively, two, four, five or more rotor bladescould also be arranged on the rotation axis 12 instead of the threerotor blades 18, 20, 22. In the presently shown example, each rotorblade 18, 20, 22 comprises a curved first portion 40, having a concaveside 42 and a convex side 44. On the end 46 of the first portion 40facing away from the rotation axis 12, a curved second portion 50 isarranged having a concave side 52 and a convex side 54. The first andsecond portions 40, 50 are arranged in such a manner that, in the radialdirection, the convex side 44 of the first portion 40 is followed by theconcave side 52 of the second portion 50. The second portion 50 ispreferably directly integrally formed, i.e. without an air gap or thelike, on the first portion 40. An angle 56 is formed between the convexside 44 of the first portion and the concave side of the second portion50, which is smaller than 90° in the example shown. In alternativeembodiments, the angle 56 formed can also be between 90° and 120°, forexample 95°, 100°, 105°, 110° or 115°, or any angle between them. Infurther alternative embodiments, the angle 56 formed can also bevariable, for example by linking the first and second portions 40, 50 inan articulated manner, in particular in such a way that the angle 56 isreduced at times to angles substantially smaller than 90°, to as littleas 0°. By these means, the resistance against the fluid flow can befurther minimized as the rotor blade 18, 20, 22 is moved in thepreferred direction of rotation 47 of the rotor 16 against the directionof flow. By arranging the second portion 50 on the first portion 40, akind of bucket is formed for the fluid flow on the front side 24 of therotor blade 18, 20, 22. Here and in the following examples, a wind flowis presupposed as the fluid flow. However, the rotor blades could alsobe driven by the flow of any type of fluid, preferably with air orwater. Since the bucket is formed in the area remote from the rotationaxis, the wind flow impinging there can be particularly efficientlyutilized for a rotation in the preferred direction of rotation 47 of therotor 16, since it has a greater lever action. As a protruding edge 48 atip is formed on the back side 26 of the rotor blade 18, 20, 22 on theend 46 of the first portion 40, which has an advantageous coefficient offlow resistance. In the embodiment having a moveable linkage of theportions 40, 50 and the variable angle 56, the pivot point between thetwo portions 40, 50 can be arranged on the end 46. For applications influids having a higher density, such as water, in particular, theprotruding edge 48 can be formed as a bead instead of a point. Theprotruding edge 48 formed as the point or the bead, respectively, pointsinto the preferred direction of rotation 47 of the rotor 16.

In alternative embodiments, not every rotor blade 18, 20, 22 need have afirst and second portion 40, 50, as described above, but only one or twoof three rotor blades, or any number of rotor blades in a rotor havingmore than three rotor blades, can have such first and second portions40, 50.

In the presently shown example, two openings 60 having an openableclosure element 62 are arranged in the first portion 40 of each of therotor blades 18, 20, 22. The closure element 62 is arranged in each casein such a manner that it closes the opening 60 when the rotor blade 18,20, 22 is moving in a first direction 63, which corresponds to thedirection of the wind flow, and that it opens the opening 60 when therotor blade 18, 20, 22 is moving in a second direction 64 whichcorresponds to the direction against the wind flow. The rotation of therotor 16, in the present example, is in the clockwise direction andcorresponds to the preferred direction of rotation 47 of the rotor 16.In the example shown in FIG. 1, two openings 60 with closure elements 62are arranged in the portion 40 of each of rotor blades 18, 20, 22.Alternatively, one, three, four or more openings 60, each having aclosure element 62, could also be provided in the first portion 40 ofthe rotor blade 18, 20, 22. The closure element 62, in the exemplaryembodiment shown here, is formed as a flap and of a flexible material,which can bend. However, the flap can also be of a rigid material. Inthe example shown in FIG. 1, the flap is pivotably supported at one endon the side of the opening 60 closer to the rotation axis 12, whereinthe other end of the flap extends radially outwards. When the flapcloses off the opening 60, the radially inwardly extending end of theflap, for example, is arranged on the first portion 40 of the rotorblade 18, 20, 22 adjacent to the opening 60. The flap shown in thepresent exemplary embodiment is preferably arranged on the front side 24of the rotor blade 18, 20, 22, so that it is pressed against the firstportion 40 of the rotor blade 18, 20, 22 and thus closes off the opening60, when the rotor blade 18, 20, 22 is moving in the preferred directionof rotation 47 in the direction of the wind flow. If the rotor blade 18,20, 22 is moved in the preferred direction of rotation 47 in the seconddirection 64 against the wind flow, the flap automatically opens theopening, since the wind flow penetrating the openings 62 from the backside 26 of the rotor blade 18, 20, 22, presses against the flap so thatit swings open. In this way the flow resistance of the back side 26 ofthe rotor blade 18, 20, 22 is reduced.

The rotor 16 comprises hub recesses 141, 142 in the area of the rotationaxis 12, wherein only the top hub recess 141 can be shown in the planview of FIG. 1. The hub recesses 141, 142 will be explained in moredetail with reference to the following figures. Alternatively oradditionally, the rotor 16 can have cut-outs in the area of the rotationaxis 12 for the wind flow to pass through these cut-outs in order toavoid accumulation of the wind flow becoming too strong.

FIG. 2 shows a side view of a wind turbine 65 as an example of a fluidturbine according to a first example of the present invention. The windturbine 65 comprises a housing, in which the rotor 16 is rotatablyarranged relative to the housing 70. The illustration shown in FIG. 2comprises two rotor blades 18, 20, each having a first height 68 at afirst distance 69 parallel to the rotation axis 12 and a second height66 at a second distance 67 parallel to the rotation axis 12. The firstdistance 69 and the first height 68 are smaller than the second distance67 and the second height 66 so that the rotor blades 18, 20 tapertowards the rotation axis 12. This creates a top and bottom hub recess141, 142 of the rotor 16. In alternative embodiments, instead of acontinuous taper, for example, a step could also be provided. Thetapering of the rotor blades 18, 20 towards the rotation axis 12 ispreferably non-linear, but the height 66 is constant in a predefinedarea and descends to the first height 68 in the shape of a curve.Preferably, the taper, as shown here, is symmetrical to a longitudinalaxis 73 of the rotor blade 18, 20, vertical to the rotation axis 12. Thetaper of the rotor blades 18, 20 shown here preferably applies to thefirst portion 40 of the rotor blades 18, 20. The second portion 50, atthe transition to the first portion 40, preferably has the same heightas the first portion 40 in this area. In the direction towards the endof the second portion 50 facing away from the first portion 40 theheight of the second portion 50 can decrease or remain constant.

In the present exemplary embodiment, the closure elements 62 are in thearea of the first portion 40 having the second height 66, as well as inthe area in which the first portion 40 begins to taper to the firstheight 68. The closure elements 62 on the rotor blade 18, shown here onthe left, are shown in a closed state, which corresponds to a positionwhich the closure elements 62 assume when the direction of the wind flowis the first direction 63 (FIG. 1) and the rotor blade 18 also moves inthe first direction 63, which corresponds to a rotation of the rotor 16in the preferred direction of rotation 47 (FIG. 1). This is why theopenings 60 which are covered by the closure elements 62 are shown withbroken lines. The closure elements 62 on the rotor blade 20, shown hereon the right, are open since the rotor blade 20 moves in the seconddirection 64 (FIG. 1) against the wind flow. Through the opening 60, aportion of the opened closure element 62 is visible which, as shown inFIG. 1, is bent into the drawing plane.

The housing 70 comprises a top 72 and a bottom 74 arranged essentiallyvertical to the rotation axis 12. The housing 70 comprises a firstdistance 78 between the top and bottom 72, 74 of the housing 70 at thefirst distance 69 parallel to the rotation axis 12 and a second distance76 between top and bottom 72, 74 of the housing 70 at the seconddistance 76 parallel to the rotation axis 12. Herein, the first distance69 parallel to the rotation axis 12 and the first distance 78 betweentop and bottom 72, 74 of the housing 70 are smaller than the seconddistance 67 parallel to the rotation axis 12 and the second distance 76between top and bottom 72, 74 of the housing 70. The distance 85 betweenthe top 72 of the housing 70 and the rotor blades 18, 20, 22 and betweenthe bottom 74 of the housing 70 and the rotor blades 18, 20, 22 ispreferably essentially constant. The housing 70 thus conforms to the hubrecesses 141, 142 of the rotor 16. The tapering of the housing 70 causesthe Venturi effect, by which the wind flow is directed onto the outersides of the rotor blades 18, 20, thus increasing the efficiency of thewind turbine, since the outer sides of the rotor blades 18, 20 have agreater lever action.

The bottom 74 of the housing 70 is mounted on a support element 122which carries the wind turbine 65, when installed on the ground or on aroof. The support element 122 is preferably formed as a solid cuboidhaving a surface that is slightly smaller than the bottom 74 of thehousing 70 as shown in FIG. 2, but which can alternatively also be thesame size or larger than the bottom 74 of the housing 70. The supportelement 122 can alternatively also be a mast on which the housing 70 ismounted. In the example shown in FIG. 2, a generator 79 is arranged in acavity 77 between the bottom 74 of the housing 70 and the supportelement 122, which is arranged in a non-rotation manner on the supportelement 122 by a generator flange 140 and transforms the rotation of therotor 16 to electrical energy. Alternatively, the generator 79 can alsobe arranged above the housing 70 on its top 72 above the top hub recess141. In this position the generator 79 is essentially protected againstwind. The area above the top hub recess 141 and/or the area below thebottom hub recess 142 in which, in the present example, the generator 79is arranged, can also be covered, such as by means of a plate, thusenabling the generator 79 to be protected against further weatherphenomena, such as rain, or to be protected against the watersurrounding the housing 70 when it is arranged in water.

The wind turbine shown in FIG. 2 is in addition to air also suitable foroperation with any other fluid flow, such as water.

FIGS. 3 and 4 show plan views of wind turbines 65 having a housing 70according to second and third exemplary embodiments of the presentinvention, respectively.

In FIG. 3, the housing 70 comprises top and bottom 72, 74 having acircular circumference. For reasons of clarity, the top 72 is omitted inFIG. 3 so that the underlying rotor 16 is visible. The diameter 84 ofthe top and bottom 72, 74 is preferably larger than the diameter 83 ofthe rotor disk of the rotor blades 18. Support elements 86 for the topand bottom 72, 74, which are formed contiguous from the top 72 to thebottom 74, are preferably arranged between the top and bottom 72, 74 ofthe housing 70 as shown in FIG. 3, in an area outside of the rotor diskof the rotor blades 18, 20, 22. They mainly serve to support the top andbottom 72, 74 so that the rotor blades 18, 20, 22 are free to rotatebetween the top and bottom 72, 74 of the housing 70. The supportelements 86 have a curved configuration in the present exemplaryembodiment so that they guide the fluid flow so that it impinges, forexample, at a favorable angle and/or at a changed speed on the rotorblades 18, 20, 22 and/or so that the fluid flow impinging on the rotorblades 18, 20, 22 is not negatively affected, such as by unfavorableswirling. More or less than three support elements 86 as shown, forexample four, five, six or seven, or just two support elements 86 can bearranged between the top and bottom 72, 74 in equal or any distance toeach other. The support elements 86 are not closer than the rotor diskof the rotor blades 18, 20, 22 and do not contact the latter. The rotor16 essentially corresponds to the rotor shown in FIG. 1, each rotorblade 18, 20, 22 having a first portion 40 comprising two openings 60provided with an openable closure element 62, and a second portion 50connected to the first portion 40. A protruding edge 48 is formed at theend 46 (FIG. 1) of the first portion 40 facing away from the rotationaxis 12 at the transition to the second portion 50 and points into thepreferred direction of rotation 47 of the rotor 16. In FIG. 3, five vaneelements 61 are moveably arranged in addition on the convex side 54 ofthe second portion of the rotor blade 18, 20, 22. The number of vaneelements is any particular number, so that one, two, three, four, six ormore vane elements could also be provided in alternative embodiments.The vane elements 61 flip up from the convex side 54 of the rotor blade18, 20, 22 when the latter is moving in the direction of the wind flow,in this case in the first direction 63, due to the wind catching underthe vane element 61. In this way the surface of the rotor blade 18, 20,22, which is caught by the wind flow in the first direction 63 when therotor 16 rotates in the preferred direction of rotation 47, is enlarged,which means that the wind flow can be better received. This isparticularly effective in the area remote from the rotation axis becauseof the greater lever action in this area. On the other hand, the vaneelements 61 are closely adjacent to the convex side 54 of the secondportion of the rotor blade 18, 20, 22 when it is moving in the seconddirection 64 against the wind flow when the rotor 16 rotates in thepreferred direction of rotation 47. The flow resistance of the back side26 of the rotor blade 18, 20, 22 is thus not substantially increased bythe vane elements 61.

The wind turbine 65 shown in FIG. 3 can also be operated with otherfluids instead of air, preferably for example with water.

In FIG. 4, the top and bottom 72, 74 of the housing 70 have a squareconfiguration at the outer edges 81, wherein the top 72 is not shown forclarity. The rotor 16 corresponds to the rotor shown in FIG. 1, eachrotor blade 18, 20, 22 having two openings 60, which are closable bymeans of an openable closure element 62. A protruding edge 48 is formedat the end 46 (FIG. 1) of the first portion 40 (FIG. 1) facing away fromthe rotation axis 12 at the transition to the second portion 50 (FIG. 1)and points into the preferred direction of rotation 47 of the rotor 16.The top and bottom 72, 74 of the housing 70 protrude beyond the diameter83 of the rotor disk of the rotor blades 18, 20, 22 on all sides.Support elements 87, 87′ are arranged between the top and bottom 72, 74at the four corners of the top and bottom. The support elements 87, 87′extending from the top 72 to the bottom 74 can be formed as rods, forexample having a round cross-section, such as the support elements 87shown on the left, or having a curved cross-section, such as the supportelements 87′ shown on the right as an alternative embodiment. However,other shapes, such as square or wedge-shaped cross-sections are alsopossible, and can in this way influence the direction of the wind flow.The number of the support elements 87, 87′ can differ from and canparticularly be larger than the number of the support elements 87, 87′shown in FIG. 4. For example, two, five, six, seven or more supportelements 87, 87′ can be provided. Otherwise the support elements 87, 87′serve to support the top and bottom 72, 74 of the housing 70 so that therotor blades 18, 20, 22 are free to rotate between the top and bottom72, 74.

In further alternative embodiments, not shown here, the top and bottomof the housing can also be triangular or have more than four corners,and the top can also have a different shape from the bottom. The windturbine 65 shown in FIG. 4 can alternatively be operated with adifferent fluid, such as with water.

FIG. 5 shows a plan view of a wind turbine 65 according to a fourthexample. The top and bottom 72, 74 are square at the outer edges 81 inthe present example, wherein here neither the bottom 74 nor the rotorblades are shown so that the top 72 is visible. In the present exemplaryembodiment four fluid slots 82 are arranged in the top 72. Instead ofthe four fluid slots 82 in the top 72, it is also possible in furtherpreferred exemplary embodiments, to arrange only one, two, three, butalso five, six or more fluid slots 82 in the top 72. One or more fluidslots 82 can also be arranged on the bottom 74 of the housing 70, asalso shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. The opening of the fluid slots 82 iscreated by a cover element 88, which is created, for example, by a bulgeof the top 72 above the fluid slot 82. The or each opening can also becreated by removing a part of the top 72, thus creating a fluid slot 82,and integrally forming a corresponding, separate cover element, thusdefining the direction of the opening. The direction of the opening ofthe fluid slot 82 preferably depends on the direction of rotation 132 ofthe rotor, of which only the rotation axis 12 is visible in the presentillustration. The opening of the fluid slots 82 corresponds to thedirection of rotation 132 of the rotor, i.e. the rotor blades 18, 20, 22pass below each fluid slot 82 of the top 72, or above each fluid slot 82of the bottom 74 (FIG. 6), passing the area of the opening first andthen a trailing edge 93 of the fluid slot 82. The direction of rotation132 corresponds to the preferred direction of rotation of the rotor.FIG. 5A shows a detail view of the fluid slot 82 in the top 72 of thehousing 70. The fluid slots 82 will be described in more detail withreference to FIGS. 6 and 7.

FIG. 6 shows a sectional view along line VI-VI of FIG. 5 of the windturbine 65 according to the fourth example. Here, a support element 86(FIG. 5) which is behind the rotor blade 18 in the perspective, is notshown for clarity. A wing element 80 is moveably arranged on each of anupper edge 137 and a lower edge 138 of the rotor blade 18 shown here. Onthe other hand, the wing elements 80 can be flipped up by the wind flowin the direction of the top or bottom 72, 74 of the housing 70 when thewind flow impinges on the front side 24 of the rotor blade 18 and movesthe latter in the preferred direction of rotation of the rotor in thefirst direction 63. By these means, the surface area of the rotor blade18 on which the wind flow impinges is enlarged, so that the latter canbe better received by the rotor blade 18. The wing elements 80 can be ofa rigid or flexible material and, as an alternative to the simply curvedshape shown in FIG. 6, it can be partially straight, straight or curvedin several places. Overall, they are shaped and moveably arranged insuch a manner that, in the flipped-up position, an air gap remains, forexample in the order of a few millimeters, so that the wind flow cancirculate and there is no disadvantageous air stall. This means that theheight of the flipped-up wing elements 80 corresponds to less than thedistance 85 (FIG. 2) between the top 72 or the bottom 74 of the housing70 and the rotor blade 18 shown here. The wing element 80 can preferablynot be folded beyond the upper or lower edge 137, 138 of the rotor blade18 towards the back side 26 of the rotor blade 18.

On the other hand, the wing elements 80 can be folded down when the windflow impinges on the back side 26 of the rotor blade 18 and thus theback side 139 of the wing element 80, when the rotor blade 18 is movingin the preferred direction of rotation of the rotor in the seconddirection 64 against the wind flow. This folded-down position is shownin FIG. 6 in an exemplary manner with a broken line. In the folded-downposition of the wing elements 80, the wind flow can escape betterbetween wing elements 80 and the rotor blade 20 than in the flipped-upposition of the wing element 80, thus reducing the pressure exerted onthe back side 26 of the rotor blade 20.

The wing elements 80 can span along one or more than one section orcontinuously along the entire length of the upper edge 137 and/or loweredge 138 of the first portion 40 (FIG. 1) of the rotor blade 18. Theycan for example be mounted swivably on a swivel axis and/or be made froman elastic material.

FIG. 6 also shows fluid slots 82 arranged in the top 72 and bottom 74 ofthe housing 70. The fluid slots 82 have their opening aligned by thecover element 88 in such a manner that a wind flow moves across thefluid slots 82 in the second direction 64. Due to the Bernoulli effect,a suction is created by the wind flow sucking air out of the housing 70through the fluid slots 82. When the rotor blade 18 is moving in thepreferred direction of rotation of the rotor in the second direction 64against the wind flow, returning of the rotor blade 18 in the preferreddirection of rotation of the rotor against the wind flow is facilitatedsince the pressure on the back side 26 of the rotor blade 18 is reducedin this area. A wind flow in the first direction 63 can pass through theopening into the housing 70 and onto the front side 24 of the rotorblade 18. By the additional intake of wind flow onto the front side 24of the rotor blade 18 the rotor is driven more effectively.

As an alternative, a plurality of fluid slots 82 can also be arranged inthe top and bottom 72, 74 of the housing 70, as also shown in theexamples of FIGS. 5 and 7.

FIG. 7 shows a sectional view along line VII-VII of FIG. 5 of the windturbine 65 according to the fourth example. Fluid slots 82 with coverelements 88 are shown, each of which are arranged on the top 72 and thebottom 74 of the housing 70 in the area in which the outer sides of therotor blades 18, 20 move. Since this area of the outer sides of therotor blades 18, 20, remote from the rotation axis, exhibits great leveraction, an additional intake of wind flow onto the front side andwithdrawal of wind flow from the back side of the rotor blades 18, 20 isparticularly effective here. For fluid slots 82, shown on the left sideof the housing 70 in the present illustration, the opening faces out ofthe drawing plane. On the right side of the present illustration of thehousing 70, the openings of the fluid slots 82 arranged there face intothe drawing plane. In alternative embodiments, the fluid slots 82 canalso be formed above the top or below the bottom hub recesses 141, 142up to the area of the rotation axis 12 of the rotor 16, or a pluralityof fluid slots 82 can be arranged side-by-side.

The wind turbine 65 according to the fourth example of the presentinvention can alternatively also be operated by any other fluid otherthan air, preferably water, for example.

FIG. 8 shows a wind turbine 65 with an outer housing 90 according to afifth example of the present invention in a three-dimensional, firstview, and FIG. 9 shows the wind turbine according to the fifth examplein a three-dimensional, second view. The first view according to FIG. 8corresponds to a plan view, wherein the side of the outer housing 90facing out of the drawing plane corresponds to a top 91 of the outerhousing 90. The second view according to FIG. 9 is a side view of theouter housing 90. In the example shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the firsthousing 70 is arranged within the cuboid outer housing 90, and the outerhousing 90 is mountable on a vertical support mast 92 (FIG. 9), which isparallel to the rotation axis 12 of the rotor 16, by means of, forexample, a sleeve 133 and a flange 134. The outer housing 90 isrotatable relative to the support mast 92. The outer housing 90 has afirst opening 96 at a first cuboid side 94 extending in parallel to therotation axis 12, which functions as a wind inlet, and has a secondopening 100 as a wind outlet on a second cuboid side 98 opposite thefirst cuboid side 96. The first and/or second opening 96, 100 can occupyeach of the first and second cuboid sides 94, 98, respectively, as shownin an exemplary manner in FIGS. 8 and 9, or can occupy, for example,only a rectangular or circular partial area of the first and secondcuboid sides 94, 98, respectively. The outer housing 90 preferablyprotrudes beyond the inner housing 70 in the area of the wind inlet andoutlet.

By arranging the outer housing 90 on the support mast 92 in a rotatablemanner it can turn in the wind flow in a manner similar to a weathervanewithout motive force, so that the wind flow impinges on the rotor blades18, 20 through the first cuboid side 94. In the example shown here, tworotor blades 18, 20 are shown. However, the rotor 16 can also comprisethree, four, five or more rotor blades, as an alternative.

In the example shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, a flag element 106 is arranged onthe second cuboid side 98, on each of the edges 102, 104 extending inparallel to the rotation axis 12 of the rotor 16. This enables evenbetter alignment of the outer housing 90 with the wind flow. Inalternative embodiments, a flag element 106 can be arranged on only oneof the two edges 102, 104, or can be arranged on one or both of theedges, which extend vertical to the rotation axis 12 of the rotor 16.The flag element 106, instead of having a one-part configuration, canalso have a multi-part configuration, wherein the individual parts ofthe flag element 106 are distributed along each of the edges 102, 104 ofthe second cuboid side 98.

In the exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 8 and 9, a baffle element 108 isarranged in the area of the wind inlet of the outer housing 90. Thebaffle element 108 has a height 109 essentially corresponding to theheight of the first cuboid side 94 parallel to the rotation axis 12 ofthe rotor 16. The baffle element 108 extends from a lateral edge 111 ofthe first cuboid side 94, which extends in parallel to the rotation axis12 of the rotor 16, and has a slightly curved extension from the planeof the first cuboid side 94 toward the interior of the outer housing 90,wherein the concave side 113 of the baffle element 108 faces theoutside, i.e. towards the plane of the first cuboid side 94. In thisway, most of the wind flow is guided onto the rotor blade 18, 20 movingin operation in the preferred direction of rotation of the rotor 16 inthe first direction 63 in the direction of the wind flow, and the rotorblade 18, 20 moving in operation in the preferred direction of rotationof the rotor 16 in the second direction 64 against the wind flow islargely not exposed to the wind flow, since it is shielded by the baffleelement 108. The redirection 131 of the wind 135 at the wind inlet isshown by arrows. The baffle element 108 creates a constriction of thewind inlet at the first cuboid side 94 causing the Venturi effect andthus accelerating the wind flow towards the rotor blade 18, 20, whichmoves in the preferred direction of rotation of the rotor 16 in thefirst direction 63.

The first, inner housing 70, in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS.8 and 9, comprises a surface element 112 in parallel to the rotationaxis 12 connected to the top and bottom 72, 74 of the first housing 70,which is curved corresponding to the rotor disk 130 (FIG. 9) of therotor blades 18, 20 and arranged in the outer housing 90 at a positiondiagonal to the baffle element 108. The rotor blade 18, 20 moving in thefirst direction 63 thus passes the surface element 112 before it movesin the second direction 64 following the direction of rotation 132 ofthe rotor 16. The pressure of the wind flow is thus maintained on thefront side 24 (FIG. 1) of the rotor blade 18, 20, since the wind flowcan only escape from the wind outlet once the rotor blade 18, 20 haspassed the surface element 112. The direction of rotation 132corresponds to the preferred direction of rotation of the rotor 16.

In alternative embodiments, only the baffle element 108 or only thesurface element 112 can be arranged in the outer housing 90.

In FIG. 8, four fluid openings 118 are arranged on each of the first andsecond side walls 116, 116′ extending in parallel to the rotation axis12 of the rotor 16, each covered by a fluid guard element 120 on thefirst side wall 116 and by a fluid intake element 121 on the second sidewall 116′. In FIG. 9, the fluid openings 118 covered by fluid guardelements 120 are only indicated on the first side wall 116 for clarity.The fluid guard elements 120 are arranged in such a manner that theyform an obtuse angle in the direction of the first cuboid side 94. Thewind flow flowing past the fluid openings 118 on the outside of thefirst side wall 116 of the outer housing 90, shown as wind 135 with anarrow in FIG. 9, creates the Bernoulli effect, thereby sucking air fromthe inside of the outer housing 90 through the fluid openings 118 andmoving it in the direction of the wind flow, i.e. in the first direction63. This suction flow 136 is shown, for example, by means of arrows inFIG. 9. This reduces the wind resistance of the rotor blade 18, 20moving in the preferred direction of rotation of the rotor 16 in thesecond direction 64. The wind flow is accelerated by the fluid guardelements 120 on the first side wall 116 thus amplifying the Bernoullieffect. In alternative embodiments, only one or a plurality of fluidopenings 118 can also be arranged on the first side wall 116 withoutfluid guard elements 120. On the second side wall 116′ opposite thefirst side wall 116, the fluid openings 118 are covered by a fluidintake element 121, which forms an obtuse angle in the direction of thesecond cuboid side 98. Air is additionally pressed into the outerhousing 90 by the fluid openings 118 with the fluid intake elements 121thus increasing the pressure on the rotor blade 18, 20 moving in thepreferred direction of rotation of the rotor 16 in the first direction63. The or each fluid opening 118, also in combination with a fluidguard element 120 or a fluid intake element 121, as the case may be, canoptionally be arranged on other side walls of the outer housing 90, forexample to suck air from the outer housing 90 due to the wind flow, orto take more of the air into the outer housing 90. In alternativeembodiments, instead of providing four fluid openings 118 on each ofside walls 116, 116′, only one, two, three, or five or more fluidopenings and optionally a corresponding number of fluid guard elements120 and fluid intake elements 121, can be respectively provided. Thefluid openings 118 can also be arranged on only one of side walls 116,116′ and be covered, as needed, by fluid guard elements 120 or fluidintake elements 121. The number of fluid openings and fluid guardelements and fluid intake elements, respectively, do not necessarilyhave to correspond.

In alternative embodiments, the outer housing 90 can also be formedwithout fluid openings 118 and/or fluid guard elements 120 and/or fluidintake elements 121, as shown as the sixth embodiment of the presentinvention in FIG. 10. The wind turbine 65 shown in FIG. 10 correspondsto the wind turbine 65 of FIGS. 8 and 9, just without fluid openings 118and fluid guard elements 120 and fluid intake elements 121,respectively.

The wind turbines 65 of the fifth and sixth exemplary embodiment arealso suitable for operation with a fluid other than air, such as water.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS

-   12 rotation axis-   16 rotor-   18 rotor blade-   20 rotor blade-   22 rotor blade-   24 front side-   26 back side-   40 first portion-   42 concave side-   44 convex side-   46 end of first portion-   47 preferred direction of rotation-   48 protruding edge-   50 second portion-   52 concave side-   54 convex side-   56 angle-   60 opening-   61 vane element-   62 closure element-   63 first direction-   64 second direction-   65 wind turbine-   66 second height-   67 second distance-   68 first height-   69 first distance-   70 housing-   72 top-   73 longitudinal axis-   74 bottom-   76 second distance-   77 cavity-   78 first distance-   79 generator-   80 wing element-   81 outer edges-   82 fluid slot-   83 diameter-   84 diameter-   85 distance-   86 support elements-   87 support elements-   87′ support elements-   88 cover element-   90 outer housing-   91 top-   92 support mast-   93 rear end of fluid slot-   94 first cuboid side-   95 first opening-   96 second cuboid side-   100 second opening-   102 edge-   104 edge-   106 flag element-   108 baffle element-   111 lateral edge-   112 surface element-   113 concave side-   116 sidewall-   116′ sidewall-   118 fluid opening-   120 fluid guard element-   121 fluid intake element-   122 support element-   130 rotor disk-   131 redirection of wind flow-   132 direction of rotation of rotor-   133 sleeve-   134 flange-   135 wind-   136 suction flow-   137 upper edge-   138 lower edge-   139 back side of wing element-   140 generator flange-   141 upper hub recess-   142 lower hub recess

What is claimed is:
 1. A rotor, comprising: a vertical rotation axis, atleast two rotor blades arranged on the rotation axis, wherein at leastone rotor blade comprises a curved first portion, wherein the firstportion has a concave side and a convex side, wherein a curved secondportion is arranged on an end of the first portion of the rotor bladefacing away from the rotation axis, wherein the second portion has aconcave side and a convex side, and wherein the two portions arearranged in such a manner that, in the radial direction, the convex sideof the first portion is followed by the concave side of the secondportion.
 2. The rotor according to claim 1, wherein an angle formedbetween the convex side of the first portion and the concave side of thesecond portion is smaller than 120°.
 3. The rotor according to claim 1,wherein at least one wing element is moveably arranged at an upper edgeand/or a lower edge of at least one rotor blade in an area of the firstportion.
 4. The rotor according to claim 1, wherein the first portion ofthe rotor blade comprises at least one opening with an openable closureelement.
 5. The rotor according to claim 1, wherein at least one vaneelement is moveably arranged on the convex side of the second portion ofthe rotor blade.
 6. The rotor according to claim 1, wherein at least onerotor blade has at least a first height at a first distance parallel tothe rotation axis and a second height at a second distance parallel tothe rotation axis, wherein the first distance and the first height aresmaller than the second distance and the second height.
 7. A fluidturbine, comprising a rotor according to claim 1, wherein the rotor isarranged within a housing, wherein a top and a bottom of the housing arearranged essentially vertical to the rotation axis, wherein the rotor isrotatable relative to the housing, wherein the housing has at least afirst distance between the top and bottom of the housing at a firstdistance parallel to the rotation axis and a second distance between thetop and bottom of the housing at a second distance parallel to therotation axis, wherein the first distance parallel to the rotation axisand the first distance between the top and bottom of the housing aresmaller than the second distance parallel to the rotation axis and thesecond distance between the top and bottom of the housing.
 8. The fluidturbine according to claim 7, wherein a distance between the top of thehousing and the rotor blades and between the bottom of the housing andthe rotor blades is essentially constant.
 9. The fluid turbine accordingto claim 7, wherein at least one fluid slot is arranged at the topand/or the bottom of the housing.
 10. The fluid turbine according toclaim 7, wherein the first housing is arranged within a cuboid outerhousing, wherein the outer housing is mountable on a vertical supportmast and rotatable relative to the support mast, wherein the rotationaxis of the rotor is parallel to the support mast, wherein the outerhousing comprises a first opening as a fluid inlet on a first cuboidside extending in parallel to the rotation axis and a second opening asa fluid outlet on a second cuboid side opposite the first cuboid side.11. The fluid turbine according to claim 10, wherein the outer housingcomprises a flag element on at least one edge of the second cuboid sideextending in parallel to the rotation axis of the rotor.
 12. The fluidturbine according to claim 10, wherein a baffle element is arranged inthe fluid inlet.
 13. The fluid turbine according to claim 12, whereinthe first housing comprises a surface element in parallel to therotation axis and connected to the top and bottom of the housing, whichis curved corresponding to the rotor disc of the rotor blades andarranged in the outer housing at a position diagonal to the baffleelement.
 14. The fluid turbine according to claim 12, wherein the outerhousing comprises at least one fluid opening on at least one side wallextending in parallel to the rotation axis of the rotor.
 15. The fluidturbine according to claim 14, wherein at least one fluid guard elementand/or fluid intake element covering the fluid opening is arranged onthe side wall, having an obtuse angle in the direction of the firstcuboid side and the second cuboid side, respectively.
 16. The rotoraccording to claim 2, wherein at least one wing element is moveablyarranged at an upper edge and/or a lower edge of at least one rotorblade in an area of the first portion, wherein the first portion of therotor blade comprises at least one opening with an openable closureelement.
 17. The rotor according to claim 16, wherein at least one vaneelement is moveably arranged on the convex side of the second portion ofthe rotor blade, wherein at least one rotor blade has at least a firstheight at a first distance parallel to the rotation axis and a secondheight at a second distance parallel to the rotation axis, and whereinthe first distance and the first height are smaller than the seconddistance and the second height.
 18. The fluid turbine according to claim8, wherein at least one fluid slot is arranged at the top and/or thebottom of the housing, wherein the first housing is arranged within acuboid outer housing, wherein the outer housing is mountable on avertical support mast and rotatable relative to the support mast,wherein the rotation axis of the rotor is parallel to the support mast,and wherein the outer housing comprises a first opening as a fluid inleton a first cuboid side extending in parallel to the rotation axis and asecond opening as a fluid outlet on a second cuboid side opposite thefirst cuboid side.
 19. The fluid turbine according to claim 18, whereinthe outer housing comprises a flag element on at least one edge of thesecond cuboid side extending in parallel to the rotation axis of therotor, and wherein a baffle element is arranged in the fluid inlet. 20.The fluid turbine according to claim 19, wherein the first housingcomprises a surface element in parallel to the rotation axis andconnected to the top and bottom of the housing, which is curvedcorresponding to the rotor disc of the rotor blades and arranged in theouter housing at a position diagonal to the baffle element, wherein theouter housing comprises at least one fluid opening on at least one sidewall extending in parallel to the rotation axis of the rotor, andwherein at least one fluid guard element and/or fluid intake elementcovering the fluid opening is arranged on the side wall, having anobtuse angle in the direction of the first cuboid side and the secondcuboid side, respectively.